1. Wierda WG, Byrd JC, O'Brien S, et al. Tumour debulking and reduction in predicted risk of tumour lysis syndrome with single-agent ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2019; 186(1):184-188. doi:10.1111/bjh.15791
2. McGhee-Jez A, Batra V, Sunder T, Rizk S. Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome as presenting sign of metastatic prostate cancer. Cureus. 2018;10(12):e3706. doi:10.7759/cureus.3706
3. Williams SM, Killeen AA. Tumor lysis syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019;143(3):386-393. doi:10.5858/arpa.2017-0278-RS
4. Adeyinka A, Bashir K. Tumor lysis syndrome. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
5. Baeksgaard L, Sørensen JB. Acute tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors--a case report and review of the literature.Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003;51(3):187-192. doi:10.1007/s00280-002-0556-x
6. Miao L, Zhang Z, Ren Z, Li Y. Reactions related to CAR-T cell therapy. Front Immunol. 2021;12:663201. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.663201
7. Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, et al. Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.N Engl J Med. 2018;378(5):439-448. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1709866
8. Wössmann W, Schrappe M, Meyer U, Zimmermann M, Reiter A. Incidence of tumor lysis syndrome in children with advanced stage Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia before and after introduction of prophylactic use of urate oxidase.Ann Hematol. 2003;82(3):160-165. doi:10.1007/s00277-003-0608-2
9. Mato AR, Riccio BE, Qin L, et al. A predictive model for the detection of tumor lysis syndrome during AML induction therapy.Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47(5):877-883. doi:10.1080/10428190500404662
10. Truong TH, Beyene J, Hitzler J, et al. Features at presentation predict children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at low risk for tumor lysis syndrome. Cancer. 2007;110(8):1832-1839. doi:10.1002/cncr.22990
11. Cheung WL, Hon KL, Fung CM, Leung AK. Tumor lysis syndrome in childhood malignancies.Drugs Context. 2020;9:2019-8-2. doi:10.7573/dic.2019-8-2
12. Andarsini MR, Hartono A, Cahyadi A, Larasati MCS, Asmara APA. Risk factors of tumor lysis syndrome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Univ Med. 2024;43(3):265-271. doi:10.18051/UnivMed.2024.v43.265-271
13. Bercovitz RS, Greffe BS, Hunger SP. Acute tumor lysis syndrome in a 7-month-old with hepatoblastoma.Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010;22(1):113-116. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833499e5
14. Joshita S, Yoshizawa K, Sano K, et al. A patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib tosylate showed massive tumor lysis with avoidance of tumor lysis syndrome. Intern Med. 2010;49(11):991-994. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3153
15. McBride A, Trifilio S, Baxter N, Gregory TK, Howard SC. Managing tumor lysis syndrome in the era of novel cancer therapies.J Adv Pract Oncol. 2017;8(7):705-720. doi:10.6004/jadpro.2017.8.7.4
16. Yasin AAH, Mohamed MIA, Magbol M, Izzoddeen A. Tumor lysis syndrome: frequency and outcome among acute leukaemia paediatric patients in Sudan, 2023.Clin Med Res. 2025;14(3):58-64.doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20251403.13
17. Friedman M, Patel PR, Rondelli D. A focused review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of tumor lysis syndrome for the interventional radiologist.Semin Intervent Radiol. 2015;32(2):231-236. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1549846
18. Mirrakhimov AE, Ali AM, Khan M, Barbaryan A. Tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors: an up to date review of the literature.Rare Tumors. 2014;6(2):5389. doi:10.4081/rt.2014.5389
19. Pearson-Stuttard B, Soutar R, Leach M. Acute kidney injury from tumour lysis syndrome and urate crystalluria.Br J Haematol. 2015; 170(4):444. doi:10.1111/bjh.13510
20. Canduri F, dos Santos DM, Silva RG, et al. Structures of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase complexed with inosine and ddI. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;313(4):907-914. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.179
21. Hsu HH, Lin JY, Hsu SC, Chan YL, Huang CC. Neglected cause of renal failure in cancer patients: spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome inducing acute uric acid nephropathy. Dial Transplant. 2004;33(6):316-325.
22. Cohen LF, Balow JE, Magrath IT, Poplack DG, Ziegler JL. Acute tumor lysis syndrome. a review of 37 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma.Am J Med. 1980;68(4):486-491. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(80)90286-7
23. Boles JM, Dutel JL, Briere J, et al. Acute renal failure caused by extreme hyperphosphatemia after chemotherapy of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 1984;53(11):2425-2429. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19840601) 53:11<2425::aid-cncr2820531111>3.0.co;2-r
24. Dunlay RW, Camp MA, Allon M, Fanti P, Malluche HH, Llach F. Calcitriol in prolonged hypocalcemia due to the tumor lysis syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110(2):162-164. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-2-162
25. Shimada M, Johnson RJ, May WS Jr, et al. A novel role for uric acid in acute kidney injury associated with tumour lysis syndrome.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24(10):2960-2964. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfp330
26. Mirrakhimov AE, Voore P, Khan M, Ali AM. Tumor lysis syndrome: a clinical review. World J Crit Care Med. 2015;4(2):130-138. doi:10.5492/wjccm.v4.i2.130
27. Alhamid N, Sabbagh B, Alsarraj A, et al. Pitfalls of current diagnostic criteria of tumor lysis syndrome.Kidney Blood Press Res. 2024. doi:10. 1159/000538328
28. Cairo MS, Bishop M. Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification.Br J Haematol. 2004;127(1):3-11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05094.x
29. Howard SC, Jones DP, Pui CH. The tumor lysis syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(19):1844-1854. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0904569
30. Lee AC. The use of single dose of rasburicase for the prophylaxis and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome in pediatric patients: a narrative review. Hematol Rep. 2025;17(6):71. doi:10.3390/hematolrep17060071
31. Tosi P, Barosi G, Lazzaro C, et al. Consensus conference on the management of tumor lysis syndrome.Haematologica. 2008;93(12): 1877-1885. doi:10.3324/haematol.13290
32. Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH, Younes A, Cairo MS. Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review.J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(16):2767-2778. doi:10.1200/JCO. 2007.15.0177
33. Xiao Y, Xiao L, Zhang Y, et al. Prediction of tumor lysis syndrome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on machine learning models: a retrospective study.Front Oncol. 2024;14:1337295. doi:10. 3389/fonc.2024.1337295
34. Conger JD, Falk SA. Intrarenal dynamics in the pathogenesis and prevention of acute urate nephropathy.J Clin Invest. 1977;59(5):786-793. doi:10.1172/JCI108700
35. Hagos Y, Stein D, Ugele B, Burckhardt G, Bahn A. Human renal organic anion transporter 4 operates as an asymmetric urate transporter.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(2):430-439. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006040415
36. Prasada H. Sevelamer hydrochloride for tumor lysis syndrome-related hyperphosphatemia. Indian Pediatr. 2015;52(7):613-615. doi:10.1007/s13312-015-0686-y
37. Worcester EM, Coe FL. Clinical practice. Calcium kidney stones.N Engl J Med. 2010;363(10):954-963. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1001011
38. Spector T. Inhibition of urate production by allopurinol.Biochem Pharmacol. 1977;26(5):355-358. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(77)90191-5
39. LaRosa C, McMullen L, Bakdash S, et al. Acute renal failure from xanthine nephropathy during management of acute leukemia.Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22(1):132-135. doi:10.1007/s00467-006-0287-z
40. Jeha S. Tumor lysis syndrome.Semin Hematol. 2001;38(4 Suppl 10):4-8. doi:10.1016/s0037-1963(01)90037-x
41. Keenan RT. Safety of urate-lowering therapies: managing the risks to gain the benefits.Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2012;38(4):663-680. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.08.008
42. Mayer MD, Khosravan R, Vernillet L, Wu JT, Joseph-Ridge N, Mulford DJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat, a new non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in subjects with renal impairment.Am J Ther. 2005;12(1):22-34. doi:10.1097/00045391-200501000-00005
43. Stamp LK. Safety profile of anti-gout agents: an update.Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014;26(2):162-168. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000031
44. Bellos I, Kontzoglou K, Psyrri A, Pergialiotis V. Febuxostat administration for the prevention of tumour lysis syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2019;44(4):525-533. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12839
45. Spina M, Nagy Z, Ribera JM, et al. FLORENCE: a randomized, double-blind, phase III pivotal study of febuxostat versus allopurinol for the prevention of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in patients with hematologic malignancies at intermediate to high TLS risk.Ann Oncol. 2015;26(10): 2155-2161. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv317
46. Bosly A, Sonet A, Pinkerton CR, et al. Rasburicase (recombinant urate oxidase) for the management of hyperuricemia in patients with cancer: report of an international compassionate use study.Cancer. 2003;98(5): 1048-1054. doi:10.1002/cncr.11612
47. Lupu?oru G, Ailincai I, Fra?ila G, et al. Tumor lysis syndrome: an endless challenge in onco-nephrology.Biomedicines. 2022;10(5):1012. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051012