ANKMJ

Ankyra Medical Journal (AnkMJ), formerly known as the Journal of Translational and Practical Medicine, regularly publishes international quality issues in the field of Medicine in the light of current information.

EndNote Style
Index
Review
Things to know about tetanus
Tetanus is a disease of the nervous system characterised by muscle spasms caused by toxins produced by an anaerobic bacterium called Clostridium tetani (C. tetani) found in soil. These muscle spasms may occur frequently in the jaw and neck but may also be generalised throughout the body. The diagnosis can be made clinically and by history. The causative agent of tetanus, C. tetani, produces toxins that trigger muscle contractions after contamination from saliva, faeces, contaminated products and soil. Tetanus is a disease that can be prevented by vaccination. In case of a possible tetanus risk in the patient, tetanus prophylaxis planned according to the type of injury after cleaning the wound prevents the disease.


1. Zhang C, Hu W, Ma Y, Li L, Si Y, Zhang S. Seroepidemiology of tetanus among healthy people aged 1-59 years old in Shaanxi province, China. <em>Vaccines</em>. 2022;10(11):1806. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10111806
2. Khoury A, Cahill J.D. Tetanus Vaccination 2020 and Collateral Protections against Pertussis and Diphtheria. <em>Rhode Isl Med J</em>. 2020;103:38-40.
3. WHO. Immunization, Vaccines And Biologicals. Vaccine preventable diseases vaccines monitoring system. Tetanus 2018 [cited 2020 November]; Available from: https://apps.who.int/immunization_ monitoring/globalsummary/incidences?c=TUR.
4. Doğan G, Kayır S, Ekici AA, Aşıcı E. Tetanus case with mortal course; case report. <em>Koaceli Med J.</em> 2017;6(2):52-55.
5. Alam A, Kowal J, Broude E, Roninson I, Locher K. Structural insight into substrate and inhibitor discrimination by human P-glycoprotein. <em>Science. </em>2019;363(6428):753-756.
6. Birch TB, Bleck TP. Tetanus (<em>Clostridium tetani</em>), in Mandell Douglas and Bennett&rsquo;s principles and practice of infectious diseases, RDMJB John E. Bennett, Editor. <em>Elsevier</em>; 2020:2948-2953.
7. Lalli G, Gschmeissner S, Schiavo G. Myosin Va and microtubule-based motors are required for fast axonal retrograde transport of tetanus toxin in motor neurons. <em>J Cell Sci</em>. 2013; 116(22):4639-4650.
8. Verma R, Khanna P. Tetanus toxoid vaccine: elimination of neonatal tetanus in selected states of India. <em>Hum Vaccin Immunother. </em>2012;8(10):1439-1442.
9. Thwaites CL, Beeching NJ, Newton CR. Maternal and neonatal tetanus. <em>Lancet</em>. 2015;385(9965):362-370.
10. Nagoba B, Dharne M, Gohil KN. Molecular methods for identification of <em>Clostridium tetani</em> by targeting neurotoxin. <em>Methods Mol Biol. </em>2017;1600:37-37.
11. Apte NM, Karnad DR. Short report: the spatula test: a simple bedside test to diagnose tetanus. <em>Am J Trop Med Hyg.</em> 1995;53(4):386-387. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.386
12. Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, Hariri S, Bernstein H. Use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines: updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices-United States, 2019. <em>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</em>. 2020;69(3):77-83. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903a5
13. Karnad DR. Tetanus. In: Kellerman RD, Rakel D., editors. Conn&rsquo;s Current Therapy 2021. Elsevier. 2021;12:660-663.
14. Bautista JEC, Ramiro GMI, Roxas AJA. Clinical profile and management of tetanus: a 5-year retrospective case series in a referral tertiary hospital in metro manila. <em>Philippine J Neurol</em>. 2020;23(1):15-25.
15. CDC. Tetanus-Wound Management. 2020 [cited 2020 February]; Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf.
16. G&uuml;zelk&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k U, Duman I, Yılmaz, B, Tan AK. Intrathecal baclofen therapy in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. <em>Turk J Phys Med Rehabil.</em> 2013;59(4):281-287.
17. CDC. Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for ages 19 years or older, United States. Immunization Schedules 2020 [cited 2020 September]; Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html.
18. Ministry of Health, National Childhood Immunisation schedule. 2020 [cited 2021 January]; Available from: https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/images/yayinlar/A2_Saglik_Kurumu_Asi_Takvimi.pdf.
19. EKMUD. Adult immunisation guidelines 2019, ed. K&ouml;ksal İ. Infectious diseases and clinical microbiology speciality society of Turkiye; 2019.
Volume 3, Issue 5, 2024
Page : 120-123
_Footer