ANKMJ
Ankyra Medical Journal

Ankyra Medical Journal (AnkMJ), formerly known as the Journal of Translational and Practical Medicine, regularly publishes international quality issues in the field of Medicine in the light of current information.

eISSN: 3023-655X
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
EndNote Style

Online Manuscript System

Index
Review
Approach to restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is an uncomfortable urge to move the legs while the person is at rest. This movement disorder is one of the problems that may develop in the follow-up of hemodialysis patients. It is important to recognize and treat these problems because they are closely related to mortality and morbidity. It is estimated that RLS symptoms occur in 3% of the adult population worldwide and in approximately 27% of hemodialysis patients. Although the pathophysiology of the disease and its relationship with its high prevalence in dialysis patients have not yet been clearly elucidated, it is predicted that pathologies such as central dopamine metabolism disorders, iron deficiency and uremia may underlie the disease. There are some pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment methods developed based on available data. Current data in the literature regarding the effectiveness and superiority of these treatments are insufficient to clarify the treatment approach. Studies on the subject continue and the unknowns in treatment and pathophysiology are being clarified day by day.

Keywords : Restless legs syndrome, Willis-Ekbom disease, hemodialysis

Download Article


1. Tommel J, Evers AW, van Hamersvelt HW, et al. Predicting health-related quality of life in dialysis patients: factors related to negative outcome expectancies and social support. Patient Educ Couns. 2021; 104(6):1474-1480.
2. Morsch CM, Gonçalves LF, Barros E. Health related quality of life among haemodialysis patients-relationship with clinical indicators, morbidity and mortality. J Clin Nurs. 2006;15(4):498-504.
3. Kambampati S, Wasim S, Kukkar V, Awad VM, Malik BH. Restless leg syndrome in the setting of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a literature review. Cureus. 2020;12(8):e9965.
4. Manconi M, Garcia-Borreguero D, Schormair B, et al. Restless legs syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):80.
5. Broström A, Alimoradi Z, Lind J, Ulander M, Lundin F, Pakpour A. Worldwide estimation of restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence in the general adult population. J Sleep Res. 2023;32(3):e13783.
6. Zhou XH, Liu Y, Zhang XR, Wang C, Liu SS, Jiang Y. Global prevalence of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav. 2024;14(1):e3378.
7. Scherer JS, Combs SA, Brennan F. Sleep disorders, restless legs syndrome, and uremic pruritus: diagnosis and treatment of common symptoms in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017. 69(1):117-128.
8. Zhang LY, Ma XY, Lin J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Nat Sci Sleep. 2020;12:19-27.
9. Xu N, Li S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li X. Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: quality of life and sleep analysis. Adv Neuro. 2023;2(1):210.
10. Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al. Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria--history, rationale, description, and significance. Sleep Med. 2014;15(8):860-873.
11. Khan FH, Ahlberg CD, Chow CA, Shah DR, Koo BB. Iron, dopamine, genetics, and hormones in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome. J Neurol. 2017;264(8):1634-1641.
12. Winkelman JW, Armstrong MJ, Allen RP, et al. Practice guideline summary: treatment of restless legs syndrome in adults: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2016,87(24):2585-2593.
13. Takaki J, Nishi T, Nangaku M, et al. Clinical and psychological aspects of restless legs syndrome in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(4):833-899.
14. Sultan S, Nasir K, Qureshi R, Dhrolia M, Ahmad A. Association of bone mineral profile with restless leg syndrome in patients with end stage renal disease. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2022;34(Suppl 1):S660-S664.
15. Zadeh Saraji N, Hami M, Boostani R, Mojahedi MJ. Restless leg syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients in Mashhad hemodialysis centers. J Renal Inj Prev. 2017;6(2):137-141.
16. Neves PD, Graciolli FG, Oliveira IB, Bridi RA, Moysés RM, Elias RM. Effect of mineral and bone metabolism on restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(1):89-94.
17. Schormair B, Plag J, Kaffe M, et al. MEIS1 and BTBD9: genetic association with restless leg syndrome in end stage renal disease. J Med Genet. 2011;48(7):462-466.
18. Higuchi T, Abe M, Mizuno M, et al. Association of restless legs syndrome with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Sleep Med. 2015;16(8):941-948.
19. Castillo-Torres SA, Ibarra-Sifuentes HR, Sanchez-Teran H, Sánchez-Martínez C, Chávez-Luévanos B, Estrada-Bellmann I. Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2018;76(12):827-830.
20. Tufekci A. Kara E. Relation of serum hepcidin levels and restless legs syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients. Sleep Breath. 2021; 25(2):897-905.
21. Turk AC, Ozkurt S, Turgal E, Sahin F. The association between the prevalence of restless leg syndrome, fatigue, and sleep quality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Saudi Med J. 2018;39(8):792.
22. Lin XW, Zhang JF, Qiu MY, et al. Restless legs syndrome in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. BMC Neurol. 2019; 19(1):47.
23. Chavoshi F, Einollahi B, Sadeghniat Haghighi K, Saraei M, Izadianmehr N. Prevalence and sleep related disorders of restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Nephrourol Mon. 2015;7(2):e24611.
24. Innes KE, Selfe TK, Agarwal P. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in North American and Western European populations: a systematic review. Sleep Med. 2011;12(7):623-634.
25. Al-Jahdali HH, Al-Qadhi WA, Khogeer HA, Al-Hejaili FF, Al-Ghamdi SM, Al Sayyari AA. Restless legs syndrome in patients on dialysis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2009;20(3):378-385.
26. Giannaki CD, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Karatzaferi C, Pantzaris MC, Stefanidis I, Sakkas GK. Epidemiology, impact, and treatment options of restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease patients: an evidence-based review. Kidney Int. 2014,85(6):1275-1282.
27. de Menezes AF, Motta D, de Carvalho FO, et al. Restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients: does the dialysis modality influence its occurrence and severity? Int J Nephrol. 2018;2018:1414568.
28. Salib M, Memon AN, Gowda AS, et al. Dialysis patients with restless leg syndrome: can we relieve their suffering? Cureus. 2020;12(8):e10053.
29. Mackie S, Winkelman JW. Long-term treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS): an approach to management of worsening symptoms, loss of efficacy, and augmentation. CNS Drugs. 2015;29(5): 351-357.
30. Esteve V, Carneiro J, Salazar G, et al. Effects of rotigotine on clinical symptoms, quality of life and sleep hygiene adequacy in haemodialysis-associated restless legs syndrome. Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2018;38(1):79-86.
31. Muramatsu K, Chikahisa S, Shimizu N, Séi H, Inoue Y. Rotigotine suppresses sleep-related muscle activity augmented by injection of dialysis patients’ sera in a mouse model of restless legs syndrome. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16344.
32. Allen R, Becker PM, Bogan R, et al. Ropinirole decreases periodic leg movements and improves sleep parameters in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep. 2004;27(5):907-914.
33. Garcia-Borreguero D, Benitez A, Kohnen R, Allen R. Augmentation of restless leg syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease) during long-term dopaminergic treatment. Postgrad Med. 2015;127(7):716-725.
34. Xia M, He Q, Ying G, Fei X, Zhou W, He X. Clinical efficacy and safety of massage for the treatment of restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:843263.
35. Tang M, Ge J, Sun KX, Cui B, Guan Y, Wang JW. A network meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of drugs for restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2022;35(4):293-306.
36. Yildiz D, Kahvecioğlu S, Buyukkoyuncu N, et al. Restless-legs syndrome and insomnia in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2016;38(2):194-197.
37. Sakkas GK, Krase AA, Giannaki CD, Karatzaferi C. Cold dialysis and its impact on renal patients’ health: an evidence-based mini review. World J Nephrol. 2017;6(3):119-122.
38. Shahgholian N, Jazi SK, Karimian J, Valiani M. The effects of two methods of reflexology and stretching exercises on the severity of restless leg syndrome among hemodialysis patients. Iranian J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(3):219-224.
39. Giannaki CD, Sakkas GK, Karatzaferi C, et al. Effect of exercise training and dopamine agonists in patients with uremic restless legs syndrome: a six-month randomized, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative study. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:194.
Article available in :
Volume 3, Issue 3, 2024
Page : 69-72
https://doi.org/10.51271/ANKMJ-0016
Article Information
Received : 01 May 2024
Accepted : 17 May 2024
Published : 28 May 2024
Corresponding Author :

Zekiye Nur Haktanıyan: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkiye

[email protected]
Citation : Haktanıyan ZN, Varan E. Approach to restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Ank Med J. 2024;3(3):69-72.

Read: 120
Cited: 0
Download : 59
_Footer